EDP Sciences Journals List
Free access article

Issue Lait
Volume 82, Number 5, September-October 2002
Page(s) 601 - 611
DOI 10.1051/lait:2002036



Lait 82 (2002) 601-611
DOI: 10.1051/lait:2002036

Evolution of proteolysis during the ripening of traditional Feta cheese

Golfo Moatsou, Theophilos Massouras, Ioannis Kandarakis and Emmanuel Anifantakis

Laboratory of Dairy Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece

(Received 17 April 2001; accepted 24 October 2001)

Abstract
Four cheesemaking trials were conducted in three different traditional Feta cheese plants. The characteristics of the cheesemaking process had to do with: the heat treatment of the cheese milk, the use of yoghourt as a starter, the use of traditional rennet from kids' and lambs' abomasa, and the packaging in wooden barrels without brine addition. At 60 d (minimum ripening period according to Greek Codex Alimentarius), the percentage of water soluble nitrogen (WSN) varied from 15.88% to 19.58% of total nitrogen (TN) and 73.4%-79.9% of the WSN was nitrogen soluble in 12% TCA. At the same age, 13.3-23.6% of WSN was nitrogen soluble in 5% PTA. The quantitative and qualitative changes of the middle area of the RP-HPLC profiles (A 220) indicated the evolution of nitrogenous fractions during the ripening and the effect of each cheese plant technology on them. Most of the qualitative and quantitative changes occured during the pre-ripening period (18 d). In general, the rate of proteolysis was similar to that of the industrially made Feta. However, the percentages of low molecular weight fractions were higher.

Résumé
Évolution de la protéolyse au cours de l' affinage de fromage Feta fabriqué par les fromageries traditionnelles. Quatre fabrications expérimentales de fromage Feta ont été réalisées dans trois différentes fromageries traditionnelles. La technologie adoptée par ces fromageries se caractérise par : une pasteurisation en cuve, l'utilisation de yaourt comme levain, l'emprésurage par la présure traditionnelle obtenue à partir de caillettes d'agneaux ou de chevreaux ainsi que l'emballage et le stockage dans des barils en bois sans ajout de saumure complémentaire. À 60 j (temps minimum d'affinage, selon le Code Alimentaire grec), le pourcentage d'azote soluble variait de 15,88 % à 19,58 %. Par ailleurs 73,4-79,9 % et 13,3-23,6 % de l'azote soluble correspondait à l'azote soluble dans l'acide trichloroacétique (TCA) 12 % et dans l'acide phosphotungstique (PTA) 5 % respectivement. Les variations qualitatives et quantitatives du profil des chromatogrammes obtenus par chromatographie liquide haute performance HPLC (A 220) présentent l' évolution des fractions azotées au cours de l'affinage ainsi que l'effet de la technologie des différentes fromageries. La plus grande partie des changements qualitatifs et quantitatifs a été observée pendant les 18 premiers jours d'affinage. La vitesse de la protéolyse a été égale à celle de fromage Feta fabriqué industriellement. Cependant les valeurs des fractions azotées de faible poids moléculaire étaient plus élevées.


Key words: Feta cheese / proteolysis

Mots clés : Feta / fromage / protéolyse

Correspondence and reprints: Golfo Moatsou Tel.: 30 1 5294630; fax: 30 1 52 94672;
    e-mail: mg@aua.gr

© INRA, EDP Sciences 2002


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