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Issue Lait
Volume 82, Number 4, July-August 2002
First International Symposium on Spray Drying of Milk Products
Page(s) 441 - 452
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lait:2002022



Lait 82 (2002) 441-452
DOI: 10.1051/lait:2002022

Water activity and hydration of dairy powders

Joël Hardy, Joël Scher and Sylvie Banon

Laboratoire de Physicochimie et Génie Alimentaires, INPL-ENSAIA, 2 avenue de la Forêt de Haye, BP 172, 54505 Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France

Abstract
Water is often the main component of many food products and their stability strongly depends on water interactions with other molecules. In the case of dehydrated products and especially milk powders, their use properties (flow properties, keeping quality and reconstitution properties) are closely dependent on the modes of water binding to the other constituents (proteins and lactose in particular). The water relations of milk powders strongly depend on drying process conditions and on their composition. They are well represented by sorption isotherms. However, to understand some mechanical properties (flowing, caking) it is necessary to take into account the glassy transition phenomenon. The water activity concept, water vapour sorption isotherms and glassy transition are redefined. A brief presentation of methods for characterising water properties and measuring hydration is done. Finally, explanation of the mechanisms of lactose hydration and of its crystallographic changes allows the linking of the use properties of dairy powders to their manufacturing technology.

Résumé
Activité de l'eau et hydratation des poudres laitières. L'eau est le constituant majeur des produits alimentaires et leur stabilité dépend des interactions de l'eau avec les autres molécules. Dans le cas des produits déshydratés et notamment des poudres de lait, leurs propriétés d'usage (propriétés d'écoulement, de conservation et de reconstitution) sont étroitement dépendantes des modalités de liaison de l'eau avec les autres constituants (protéines, lactose, notamment). La notion d'activité de l'eau, l'exploitation des isothermes de sorption de vapeur d'eau et le concept de transition vitreuse sont redéfinis. Une rapide présentation des méthodes de caractérisation de l'eau et de mesure de l'hydratation est ensuite effectuée. Enfin l'explication des mécanismes de l'hydratation du lactose et de ses changements cristallographiques permet de relier les propriétés d'usage des poudres d'origine laitière à leur technologie de fabrication.


Key words: Milk / dairy powder / water activity / hydration / functional property

Mots clés : Lait / poudre laitière / activité de l'eau / hydratation / propriété fonctionnelle

Correspondence and reprints: Joël Scher Tel.: 03 83 59 58 53; fax: 03 83 59 58 04;
    e-mail: Joel.Scher@ensaia.inpl-nancy.fr

© INRA, EDP Sciences 2002


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