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Issue Lait
Volume 73, Number 5-6, 1993
Page(s) 407 - 415
DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/lait:19935-638

Lait 73 (1993) 407-415
DOI: 10.1051/lait:19935-638

Le lait de chèvre en Europe

J.C. Le Jaouen and G. Toussaint

Institut de l'élevage, 149, rue de Bercy, 75595 Paris, France

Abstract - Goat's milk in Europe
European goat breeding has a strong dairy specialization; with 3% of the world goat population Europe produces 17% of the world goat milk. The number of goats within the EEC (14.5 million) has been increasing for the last 10 years. They represent 83% of the number of goats in Europe. The production of goat milk is mainly found in southern countries of Europe: Greece, Spain and France produce 86% of the milk in the EEC. The systems of production are different: the extensive breeding farms and the small flocks decrease. Specialized milk farms delivering their milk to industry are developing. The systems of transformation on the farm are getting more modem. The industrial transformation of the milk is important in France and in Spain but poorly developed in the other countries. Goat milk is mainly transformed into cheeses consumed differently in every country. Goat cheeses suffer from a lack of protection for their traditional denominations. The development of the production of milk and goat cheeses is directly linked to the markets which are not well-know in certain countries and which remain mainly national.


Résumé - L'élevage caprin européen présente une forte spécialisation laitière : avec 3% du cheptel mondial, l'Europe produit 17% du lait de chèvre mondial. Les effectifs de la CEE (14,5 millions de têtes) sont en croissance depuis 10 ans, ils représentent 83% du cheptel total de l'Europe. La production du lait de chèvre est concentrée dans les pays du sud de l'Europe : la Grèce, l'Espagne et la France réalisent 86% de la production communautaire. Les systèmes de production évoluent de façon divergente : les élevages extensifs du sud et les petits troupeaux diminuent, les élevages laitiers spécialisés livrant leur lait à l'industrie se développent. Les systèmes de transformation à la ferme se modernisent. La transformation industrielle du lait est importante en France et en Espagne, dans les autres pays elle est peu développée. Le lait de chèvre est principalement transformé en fromages consommés de façon différente selon les pays. Les fromages de chèvre souffrent d'une insuffisance de protection de leurs dénominations traditionnelles. Le développement de la production de lait et de fromages de chèvre est directement lié aux marchés, mal connus dans certains pays, et qui restent essentiellement nationaux.


Key words: goat milk / Europe / breeding systems / transformation / cheeses / evolution

Mots clés : lait de chèvre / Europe / systèmes d'élevage / transformation / fromages / évolution




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